Ned Calonge, who is the associate dean for public health practice of the Colorado School of Public Health and co-authored the national academies’ report, said that taking proactive measures in communities with known high exposure, such as among firefighters and military service members and their families who lived on bases, is particularly important. “It depends on how much different states have paid attention to it,” Calonge said. “I wouldn’t say that we’ve advanced very far in terms of clinician education in the area of the PFAS exposure.”