The product is also a reality check for researchers in high-income countries, says Terry Fry, an immunologist and paediatric oncologist [and director of the Gates Institute] at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus in Denver, who has advised the researchers involved in setting up ImmunoACT. “It lights a little fire under all of us to look at the cost of making CAR-T cells, even in places like the United States.”