Enter C. Henry Kempe. In the 1950s, he became the youngest chairman of the department of pediatrics at the University of Colorado School of Medicine, where he started noticing children being admitted with bruises, burns and fractures that didn’t always square with the stories parents told about how those injuries occurred. It was Dr. Kempe’s belief that some of the children he treated had been intentionally hurt by their parents or guardians, resulting in a clinical condition he coined “battered child syndrome.”