Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, and metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the deadliest form, with a 5-year survival rate of just over 5%. Nonetheless, thoracic oncologists at the University of Colorado Cancer Center in Aurora who specialize in the treatment of advanced NSCLC say there is room for optimism. In this six-part series, distinguished professor Paul Bunn and his colleagues Ross Camidge and Erin Schenk discuss how to choose the optimal treatment for a patient on the basis of pathologic findings, disease staging, and biomarker testing.