A new study by researchers at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus found that older adult drivers diagnosed with migraines within the year were three times more likely to experience a motor vehicle crash (MVC) than those without a recent diagnosis of the chronic headaches. However, older adult drivers who reported having had migraines in the past were no more likely to have a MVC than those without migraines.
Additionally, study results, published today in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, explored the relationships medications commonly prescribed for migraine management have with increased crash risk.
“Migraine headaches affect more than 7% of U.S. adults over the age of 60,” said Carolyn DiGuiseppi, MPH, PhD, MD, professor with the Colorado School of Public Health and study lead author. “The U.S. population is aging, which means increasing numbers of older adult drivers could see their driving abilities affected by migraine symptoms previously not experienced. These symptoms include sleepiness, decreased concentration, dizziness, debilitating head pain and more.”
Researchers conducted a five-year longitudinal study of more than 2,500 active drivers aged 65-79 in five sites across the United States. Participants were categorized as having previously been diagnosed with migraine symptoms (12.5%), no previous diagnosis but experienced symptoms during the study time frame (1.3%) or never having migraine symptoms.
Results indicate those with previous diagnosis did not have a different likelihood of having crashes after baseline, while those with new onset migraines were three times as likely to experience a crash within one year of diagnosis. However, previously diagnosed drivers experienced more hard-braking events compared to adults who had never experienced a migraine.
Additionally, researchers examined the role medications commonly prescribed for migraines have in motor vehicle events and found that there was no impact on the relationship between migraine medications and either crashes or driving habits. However, few participants in the study sample were using acute migraine medications.
“These results have potential implications for the safety of older patients that should be addressed,” DiGuiseppi said. “Patients with a new migraine diagnosis would benefit from talking with their clinicians about driving safety, including being extra careful about other risks, such as distracted driving, alcohol, pain medication and other factors that affect driving.”
This research was sponsored by AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety and was co-authored by Emmy Betz, MD, MPH, of the Injury and Violence Prevention Center at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus.